孟子"仁"论的两面性与终极旨归

孟子的"仁论"具有两面性:一方面用"王道"反对"霸道",体现出道德至上的观念:另一方面,"仁政"也具有功利性诉求,即追求一种长期性的、终极性的大利。为理解孟子仁论的这种两面性,需要把功利分为物质的与精神的两个方面,孟子宣扬的功利是"仁德"之利的方面,其终极目的在于以道德干政。他的"仁政"说试图提供一套能够使执政者统一天下并长治久安的政治方案,希望统治者与被统治者共同获利。

Dichotomy of "Benevolence Theory" of Mencius and Its Ultimate Aim

This article tries to interpret the"Benevolence Theory"of Mencius by adopting"utilitarian"ideas.Firstly it defines the content of"utility":"Utility"includes material and spiritual aspects.Secondly it analyzes that the"Benevolence Theory"of Mencius includes a negation of advocating the"benefit"of material and an affirmation of advocating the advantage of"benevolence",emphasizing on the content of"benevolence"proposed by Mencius.It clarifies that the ultimate aim of the"Benevolence Theory"lies in the administration guided by virtue and his"benevolent administration"tries to provide a set of political plans for the administrator to unite the country and last political stability,aiming at the common benefit of the ruler and the ruled.