论文艺学的“意识形态化”

西方结构主义马克思主义领袖阿尔都塞认为 ,人是意识形态的动物 ,他主张一种“大意识形态”观念。依此 ,文学等社会意识形式 ,都是意识形态化的产物。中国和西方文学的历史都充分证明了这一点。作为理论形态的文艺学 ,因其观念性、理论性的本性 ,和它对文学活动具有的阐释、批评、指导的特殊功能 ,使它同意识形态具有天然的相互亲和性 ,故文艺学的意识形态化会相对更加严重。中国现代文艺学的意识形态化 ,以梁启超的“三界革命”开其端 ,后历经四个里程碑 ,至文化大革命达于顶峰。其演进历程 ,给当代现实的文艺学建设 ,提供了许多重要的启示。

On Ideology of the Science of Literature

Louis Althusser, leader of the Marxist and western structuralism, figured out that the person is the animal of ideology, he put forward a kind of grand ideology. Hence, social conscious form such as literature is all an outcome of ideology. The history of Chinese and western literature has proved it. The science of literature, as part of a theories form, for the reason of its idea, theory and essentiality, with its special function of expression, criticism and guidance to literature activity, naturally have appetency with ideology and literature would influence each other evidently. As its very beginning of the ideology of Chinese modern literature, "revolutions in three area" of LIANG Qi-chao, stepped with four milestones, reach to its climax in the Cultural Revolution. Its evolution progress provides important enlightenment to the contemporary realistic literature buildup.