论大数据警务及其法律控制

在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景下,大数据技术在警察执法中广泛使用。基于此,文章运用规范分析、案例分析、比较分析的研究方法,研究了大数据警务的技术逻辑、实践运用、社会风险及法律控制。研究表明,在大数据警务实践中,"脏数据"往往导致公民平等权保护受到威胁;警察机关大量归集、处理和使用个人数据,对公民个人信息隐私造成侵犯;算法系统缺乏透明度和问责机制,导致公民权利得不到有效救济。为了防范大数据警务系统的异化,我国应当制定警务数据采集规范,确保个人数据的合理使用;建立警务系统评估机制,定期检测系统存在的风险;赋予公众算法解释权,强化事后的监督问责。

On Big Data Policing and Its Legal Control

In the background of advancing the modernization of the national governance capabilities and system, big data technology is widely used in police law enforcement.Based on this, the article uses the research methods of normative, case and comparative analysis to study the technical logic, practical application, social risks and legal control of big data policing.In the practice of big data policing, “dirty data” often leads to threats to citizens’ equal rights protection.The massive collection, processing and use of personal data by police agencies infringes on personal information privacy.The algorithm systems have no transparency and accountability mechanism, which leads to the lack of effective relief for personal rights.In order to prevent the alienation of big data policing, China should formulate police data collection laws to ensure the reasonable use of personal data, establish risk assessment system to regularly detect the risks of the big data policing, give the public the right of algorithm interpretation and strengthen the public accountability.