民法视角下新能源汽车碳积分制度的完善探究

为接力已处于退坡阶段新能源汽车补贴制度,工信部提出了新能源汽车碳积分制度,该制度处于设立初期,如何对其进行完善是急需解决的问题。文章从民法的视角对该制度进行了全新的审视:第一,需明晰新能源汽车碳积分的法律性质,其应是所有权的客体;第二,需明确新能源汽车碳积分交易合同的法律性质,其应是一种主体资格和意思自治受到一定限制的环境民事合同,是一种特殊的民事合同;第三,需努力突破碳积分交易合同障碍寻求对策克服交易价格的不确定性及合同瑕疵问题;第四,构建碳积分交易民事救济机制,分析当发生无权处分、合同违约等情况时应如何保护当事人权利的问题。

Research on the Perfection of New Energy Vehicle Carbon Credit System from the Perspective of Civil Law

In order to relay the new energy vehicle subsidy system that is already in the decline stage, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have proposed a new energy vehicle carbon credit system.This system is in the initial stage of establishment, and how to improve it is an urgent problem to be solved.This article reviews the system from the perspective of civil law.First, the legal nature of new energy vehicle carbon credits should be clarified, which should be the object of ownership.Second, the carbon credits trading contracts for new energy vehicles should be clarified, which should be an environmental civil contract with restricted subject qualifications and autonomy of the will, and it is a special civil contract.Third, we need to work hard to break through the barriers of carbon credit trading contracts and seek countermeasures to overcome the uncertainty of transaction prices and contract defects.Fourth, we should build a civil relief mechanism for carbon credit transactions, and strives to solve the problem that how to protect the rights of the parties in the event of unauthorised sanctions or contract breaches.