“安老怀少”:构建高质量基本公共服务体系

在低生育率和老龄化背景下，要实现老有所安和关怀少年的成长，国家体系化的高质量养老公共服务体系需要进一步完善。分析“一老一小”人口形势、生育意愿下降背后的原因，研究建立健全养老服务体系的路径。研究认为，构建高质量公共服务体系要强调“一个中心”:敬老爱幼、安老怀少；“两翼互动”,打造老年友好型社会和生育友好型社会；“四轮驱动”,即高质量取决于服务的福利性、有效性、可及性和及时性。研究还认为，对高龄老人、独居老人、空巢老人和失能老人群体的服务是养老服务业的重点人群，老年友好型社会的养老责任包括对这些人群的兜底养老、普惠养老、公平养老和品质养老的责任，公共服务体系建设包括老年的价值友好、文化友好、政策友好、环境友好和服务友好；生育友好型社会的生育责任包括适度生育、优化生育、生育服务和生育保障的责任，公共服务体系建设则要体现生育的价值(文化)友好、福利友好、婚姻友好和服务友好。研究表明，在全方位构建现代化“安老怀少”统一的政策、制度和社会公共服务体系中，社区是关键环节，需要顶层设计和分类推进相协调，才能实现人口均衡发展与国家高质量发展的双重目标。

Building a high-quality basic public service system that respects the elderly and cares for the young

In the context of low birth rate and aging population, in order to achieve security in old age and caring for the growth of young people, the country's systematic high-quality old-age care public service system needs to be further improved. This paper analyzes the population situation of the elderly and the young and the reasons behind the decline in the willingness to have children, and studies the path to establish a sound old-age care system. According to the research, building a high-quality public service system should emphasize respecting the elderly and caring for the young; create an elderly-friendly society and a birth-friendly society; focus on the four aspects of high quality, namely the welfare nature, effectiveness, accessibility, and timeliness of services. The elderly of advanced age, the elderly living alone, the empty-nest elderly and the disabled elderly are the key populations of the old-age care service industry. The old-age care responsibilities of an age-friendly society include the basic care, inclusive care, fair care and quality care for these groups, and the public service system construction includes value-friendly, culture-friendly, policy-friendly, environment-friendly and service-friendly for the elderly; childbearing responsibilities of a birth-friendly society include responsibilities for moderate childbearing, optimized childbearing, childbearing services and childcare security, and the public service system construction should reflect the value of childbearing(cultural)friendliness, welfare friendliness, marriage friendliness and service friendliness. In the all-round construction of a modern unified policy, institutional, and social public service system that “respects the elderly and cares for the young”, the community is the key link. It requires the coordination of top-level design and classification promotion to achieve the dual goals of balanced population development and high-quality national development.