中国参与全球价值链治理的历史经验、现实约束和战略选择

随着全球价值链重构加速，各国相继出台竞争性产业政策，以推进产业链升级和价值链位势攀升。中国作为新兴经济体和最大的发展中国家，在维护自由贸易和多边主义的过程中，虽有大国赶超的历史经验，但全球化纵深发展催生出不同于以往的现实约束，亟待思考破局之道。基于中国参与全球价值链的历史实践，通过文本分析法与比较分析法研析当前治理环境的约束特征并提出战略选择。研究发现，直接参与工业现代化进程、推动产业结构转型升级、专攻全球价值链特定环节和对标全球价值链分工体系有助于中国深度嵌入全球价值链，但全球价值链科技藩篱高筑、纵向分工萎缩而横向竞争加剧、协调机制失衡和缺乏治理共识等现实约束阻碍中国参与全球价值链治理进程。研究表明，中国亟待加强国际科技创新治理、聚焦价值链重点产业治理、统筹国内外平衡治理和深化区域合作协同治理。

Historical experience,realistic constraints and strategic choices in China's participation in global value chain governance

With the accelerated reconstruction of global value chain, countries have introduced competitive industrial policies to promote the upgrading of industrial chains and the ascension of value chains. As an emerging economy and the largest developing country, China has the historical experience of catching up with economic giants while maintaining free trade and multilateralism. However, the deepened development of globalization in the new era has given rise to unprecedented realistic constraints, which require urgent solutions. Based on China's historical practice of participating in global value chains, this paper analyzes the constraint features of the current governance environment and proposes strategic choices through textual and comparative analysis. The research argues that China can deeply integrate itself into global value chains by directly participating in the industrial modernization process, promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, specializing in specific links of global value chains, and benchmarking against the division of labor system of global value chains. However, four realistic constraints, e.g. high technological barriers in global value chains, shrinking vertical division of labor and increasing horizontal competition, imbalance in the coordination mechanism, and lack of governance consensus, have hindered China's participation in the process of global value chain governance. The research concludes that China urgently needs to strengthen international governance of science and technology innovation, focus on the governance of key industries in the value chain, coordinate balanced governance at home and abroad, and deepen synergistic governance in regional cooperation.