梅尼克的思想史观念研究

梅尼克是德国历史主义学派个体性学说的主要代表。他认为,个体是历史发展的动力,个体化方法是认识历史价值和意义的途径,由此他抵制实证主义和集体主义,并将运用于历史研究的个体性思想提升为一种世界观。在新柏拉图主义、自由意志论与个体性学说的影响下,梅尼克认识到思想既是个体的特质与发展动力,也是文化价值的创造。将思想史视为历史表现的核心领域,这是梅尼克史学方法区别于其他德国历史主义学派史学家的独到之处。通过思想,梅尼克看到个体与永恒的融合,从而感受到历史的真正魅力,也发现了当下生活的指针。

A Study on Friedrich Meinecke’s History Thoughts

Friedrich Meinecke was the representative of the theory of individuality in historical school. According to Meinecke, it was individual that motivated the historical development, the individualized method was essential to recognize historical value and meaning, therefore he did not follow positivism and collectivism but promoted the idea of individuality in historical research as a worldview. Under the influence of Neoplatonism,theory of freewill and individuality, Meinecke regarded that idea was not only essential to individual development but also implied the creation of cultural value. Meinecke set the history of ideas as the main field of historical representation. The history of ideas was the unique feature of Meinecke’s historical methodology. It was through ideas that Meinecke reached the integration of individuality and eternity, perceived the real charm of history, and discovered the compass of life.