“S比N1还N2”构式句法特征形成的动因分析

近年来有关“S比N₁还N₂”构式的研究较多，但关于“S比N还A”构式对其压制的研究却极少。有鉴于此，本文从构式语法的视角分析了“S比N还A”对“S比N₁还N₂”构式的句法压制及后者对前者句法信息的传承。“S比N还A”构式分为表比较类和表比况类构式两种。研究发现，“S比N₁还N₂”构式除其N₂传承了“S比N还A”构式中A的句法特征外，还传承了“S比N还A”构式无否定形式；传承了表比况类构式中A不能转换为其反义词、S与N不能互换、不能省略“还”的特征；阻断了“S比N还A”构式中A后面可用数量词，以及表比较类构式中A可转换为其反义词、S与N可互换、可省略“还”的信息。在传承“S比N还A”构式的5个句法特征中，有3个传承自表比况类构式。这表明，“S比N₁还N₂”构式主要受到表比况类构式的压制，即其句法特征的形成主要与后者相关。

Analysis of the Reasons for Syntactic Features on the "S bi N1 hai N2" Construction-A Study Based on the Coercion of the "S bi N hai A" Construction

In recent years there are many researches on the "S bi N₁ hai N₂" Construction, but a few on the coercion of the "S bi N hai A" Construction on it. In view of it, this thesis, from the perspective of Construction Grammar, analyzes the syntatic coercion of "S bi N hai A" on "S bi N₁ hai N₂" and the syntactic feature inheritance of the latter from the former. "S bi N hai A" is divided into two types: the one with comparative meaning and the one with metaphorical meaning. The findings are: "N₂" in "S bi N₁ hai N₂" inherits the adjective syntactic features of "A" in "S bi N hai A"; "S bi N₁ hai N₂" inherits the non-negative-form feature of "S bi N hai A", and syntactic features of "S bi N hai A" with metaphorical meaning, such as that "A" cannot be converted into its antonym, that "S" and "N" are not interchanged and that "hai" cannot be omitted, etc.. It blocks the feature of that "A" in "S bi N hai A" can be followed by a quantifier, the features of "S bi N hai A" with comparative meaning such as that "A" can be replaced by its antonym, "S" and "N" can be interchanged and "hai" can be omitted. Among the five features inherited, three of them are from "S bi N hai A" with metaphorical meaning, indicating that it is chiefly coerced by and more relevant to "S bi N hai A" with metaphorical meaning.