论夏商周“乐”重于“礼”及其现实意义

辨析德、智、体、美四育并举的理论意义,须从文化根源上厘清"美"在文化源头和发展轨迹中的重要地位。甲骨文的"文"就是审美,"文"和"化"合起来,就是"审美教育";礼乐文化初期不是礼先于乐,礼孕育乐,而是恰恰相反;在夏商周三代,主持教育的大司乐必须通晓音律。其社会教育和学校教育中,乐教的分量是礼教决不能与之相比拟的。"乐"重于"礼"特点在古籍文献中也有丰富的佐证……三代美育显要地位和作用说明,重视美育是中国文化源头的特色;加强和提升美育地位是坚持中国文化特色的需要。

Ancient China Values Aesthetic Education over Moral Education

The paper argues that the idea of aesthetic education being included in moral education is a misunderstanding of the Chinese cultural feature,therefore,to put into practice the educational policy of an allround improvement in moral,intellectual,physical and aesthetic qualities,we must first of all make clear the indispensable position of aesthetics in traditional culture.The reasons are: 1) Etymologically,the original meaning of the character "Wen" on the oracle bones is associated with aesthetics,and the combination of the two characters "Wen" and "Hua" is "aesthetic education".2) The relation of "Li" and "Yue" is that "Yue is prior to Li"and "Yue breeds Li".3) Finally,in the education of the three dynasties,"Yuejiao"(music education) accounts for much larger proportion than Lijiao(moral education),which can be proved with plenty of evidence in the ancient literature.