休闲农业的组织模式及其效率评价

休闲农业发展及其产业组织演进具有复杂性,必须采用一体化的思路来优化扶持政策和激励措施。基于全国主要省市休闲农业经营主体的微观数据,使用特恩奎斯特指数,对农家乐及农家乐专业村、休闲农庄、休闲农业园区和民俗村等产业主体经营绩效进行评价,以期明确中国休闲农业的最优发展模式,进而确定政策扶持的切入点和优先序。分析表明,我国休闲农业生产效率总体上呈现东部高西部低的特点;农家乐在经营主体数量上占绝对优势,经营绩效明显低于休闲农庄和休闲农业园区;休闲农业园区具有经营规模和竞争力优势;休闲农庄作为介于农家乐和休闲农业园区的中间形式,在乡村旅游年接待规模上具有优势;民俗文化村(镇)现有规模较小,但发展潜力很大,农家乐、休闲农庄、休闲农业园区和民俗村的全要素生产率依次递减。

Types of Leisure Agriculture and Its Efficiency Evaluation in China

The main supply subjects in Chinese leisure agriculture can be divided into four parts: farmhouse, leisure farm, recreational park and folk culture village. The recent statistics from China''s Ministry of Agriculture shows each forms of leisure agriculture has its own advantage: farmhouse has the largest share, while its business performance is significantly lower than leisure farm and recreational park; recreational park has the advantage in operation scale and competitiveness; leisure farm as the intermediate form between farmhouse and recreational park, receives more tourists than other forms; folk culture village has great development potential despite its smallest share currently. Productivity analysis between different provinces as well as different forms shows, the efficiency of leisure agriculture in eastern provinces is higher than that in western provinces, and decreases from farmhouse, leisure farm, and recreational park to folk culture village.