农地自由流转下家庭农场土地适度规模化研究

家庭农场既保留了农户经营的优势,又克服小农户经营的弊端,是未来中国农业微观经营组织的重要形式。家庭农场获得集中成片且期限稳定的土地是其发展的重要前提,农地流转是家庭农场土地集中的重要途径。由于农地流转存在着时空分散性、期限议定所导致的不确定性、价格过高过低的不可控性以及农民中途违约的可能性等问题,农地自由流转与家庭农场土地适度规模集中相衔接存在着诸多障碍。通过构建农民土地权利处置体系,在遵循农民自愿选择的基础上,将集体经济组织的土地划分为土地保留分户经营区、土地流转集中经营区和土地退出集中经营区三大区域,为家庭农场获得成片稳定的土地资源提供了一种可供参考的思路,并详细分析了方案实施的时间节点和资金运行流程;最后,从制度政策完善、利益联结机制和农地权利处置方式动态调整机制三个方面提出了相应的对策和建议。

Obstacles and Breakthrough for Family Farms to Get Moderate Scale of Land in Land Free Circulation

Family farms are not only to retain the advantages of traditional small farm agriculture, meeting the requirements of features of agricultural production, but also to overcome the disadvantages of the small farm agriculture, so they are an important form of micro agribusiness organizations in future in China. Scale is one of distinctive features of family farms, it is an important prerequisite for the development of family farms to get a moderate piece of land available for a stable period of time. Under the current legal and policy framework, land circulation is an important way for family farms to concentrate required land. However, because there are following problems for the land circulation, 1) Scattering in space and time, 2) Period is uncertain caused by free negotiation, 3) Uncontrollable price, 4) The possibility of farmers'' default during the execution of the contract, there are many obstacles to connect land free circulation with family farms centralizing moderate scale of land. In this paper, through the construction of farmers'' land rights disposal system, in the premise of following the principle of voluntary choice of farmers, the land belonging to collective economic organization is divided into three regions: family household operations area based on land reserved, centralized management area based on land circulation, and centralized management area based on land quittance, this provides a way for reference to get the land needed by family farms, at the same time, the paper analyses time node selection of program implementation and capital operation process in detail. Finally, it puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the three aspects: 1) Perfecting the system of policy, 2) Construction of benefit coupling mechanism between various subjects, 3) Construction of dynamic adjustment mechanism for farmers'' land rights disposal.