侗族大歌传承的困境及保护对策

侗族是中国古百越民族的重要成员，千百年来在与自然与生态环境适应的过程中创造出了“侗族大歌”这一优秀的口承文化，并在2008年成功的被联合国教科文组织命名为人类重要非物质文化遗产，“侗族大歌”是无伴奏、无指挥的侗族民间多声部民歌的总称。它所承载和传递的是一个民族的生活方式、社会结构、人伦礼俗、智慧精髓等至关重要的文化信息。丰富的侗族大歌曲库表明，侗族大歌乃是一部极其珍贵的“侗族社会百科全书”。由于受全球化的影响，“侗族大歌”的传承和保护工作受到了前所未有的挑战，因此，有必要在新的时代背景下重新对“侗族大歌”的生存困境及其保护对策进行思考和规划。

The Predicament to Inherit the Great Dong Opera and the Countermeasures to Protect It

The Dong group is an important member of the ancient Baiyue Nation. In the long process of thousands of years, the Dong people have created the ＂Great Dong Opera＂ , an excellent oral culture, to adapt themselves to the natural ecological environment. In 2008, it was successfully accepted by UNESCO as an impor- tant intangible cultural heritage for mankind. The ＂ Great Dong Opera＂ is the general name of a multi - voiced folk song without musical accompaniment and music director. What it carries and passes is the cultural informa- tion of a nation such as lifestyle, social structure, human relations, rituals and wisdom. The rich music library of the ＂Great Dong Opera＂ indicates that the Dong songs are actually an extremely precious ＂Dong Social Encyclo- pedia＂. Due to the impact of globalization, the heritage and conservation of the ＂Great Dong Opera＂ has been confronted with an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to re - think of the predicament of its sur- vival and work out practical countermeasures for its conservation.