合作型自主创新:创新优势与知识产权共享冲突

合作型自主创新就是通过多个企业或多主体的相互合作的方式进行企业自主创新的创新活动,它既不是完全的自主创新,也同一般意义上的合作创新有所区别。基于中国企业自主创新能力不足的现实,以及合作型自主创新的特点,合作型自主创新不失为中国企业目前乃至将来一段时期自主创新模式的最佳选择。在经济性质上,合作型自主创新既不是古典或新古典意义上的市场组织,也不是古典或新古典意义上的企业组织,而是新制度经济学意义上的一种复杂性技术创新的中间网络组织,而且还是一种有利于企业间知识共享的组织,因而它是一种复杂性技术创新的知识共享网络组织。合作型自主创新的创新优势,具体体现为技术创新的效率优势和企业自主创新的实现优势。在实际运作中,知识产权共享冲突,狭义地理解就是合作创新与自主创新的矛盾和冲突,是其在运作过程中存在的主要风险,具体表现为因成员企业的机会主义行为引起的知识产权被"劫盗"风险、因知识产权的公共物品属性而诱使的成员企业的"搭便车"行为以及因知识产权的外溢性而引致的知识产权流失风险。可以从治理结构和治理机制两个方面对此进行有效治理和防范。

Corporate-Independent Innovation:Innovation Advantage and Conflict of the Intellectual Property Sharing

Corporate-independent innovation is a kind of innovation results from the mutual cooperation in independent innovation of a number of enterprises or main bodies.It is neither a complete independent innovation nor a cooperation innovation in general significance.Based on the fact that the independent innovation ability of Chinese enterprises is insufficient and the characteristic of corporate-independent innovation,we find that corporate-independent innovation will be the best innovation form at present and for a period of time in the future.In economic property it is neither a market organization nor a enterprise organization of classical or neoclassical significance.It is a intermediate network organization of complex technology innovation in the significance of new institutional economics.And it is also a organization of knowledge sharing which will promote knowledge sharing among enterprises.Therefore,it is a network organization of knowledge sharing of complex technology innovation.The innovation advantage of corporate-independent innovation lies in the network effect showing in the process of innovation.And it specifically reflects in the efficiency advantage of technology innovation and realization advantage of independent innovation.In actual operation,the narrow understanding of the conflict of intellectual property sharing is a kind of conflict of independent innovation and corporate innovation.And the conflict is the main risk in the process of operation.The concrete manifestation lies in the "holdup" risk of intellectual property,which caused by the opportunism behavior of the members of enterprise,the behavior of" free ride" which induced by the public goods attribute of intellectual property,and the risk of intellectual property loss results from the overflowing of intellectual property.We can efficiently govern and prevent conflict of the intellectual property sharing from governance structure and mechanisms.