政务服务数据协同治理水平的提升路径研究: 基于TOE框架的组态分析

随着大数据技术、元宇宙等前沿技术的利用与开发，智慧城市建设先后经历了多个版本的试点与升级后，转入到为城市居民持续供给便捷公共服务的关键发展阶段。结合技术—组织—环境（Technology-Organization-Environment，TOE）理论框架，以大数据技术运用为切入点考察中国智慧城市具体运营现状，探索影响智慧城市有效运营的最佳组合发展路径，运用模糊集定性比较分析的方法从技术、组织、环境三个维度对智慧城市运营能力差异进行组态分析，研究发现：（1）技术、组织与环境因素均无法单独成为智慧城市运营能力提升的必要条件，但是技术能力、经济发展与科技创新对提高智慧城市运营能力有着普遍优势；（2）三个维度的条件变量组合构成了驱动智慧城市运营能力提升的有效路径，包括“人才核心—技术支撑型”“人才核心—组织支撑型”“技术核心型”“环境核心—技术支撑型”。（3）发现四类组合路径会导致低水平智慧城市运营能力，其中数字治理绩效低、政策法规保障成效不足及科技创新能力欠缺是其主要影响因素。

Antecedent Configuration and Promotion Path of Smart City Operation Capability from the Perspective of Big Data

With the utilization and development of cutting-edge technologies such as big data technology and meta-universe, the construction of smart city has undergone several versions of pilot and upgrading, and has entered the critical development stage of providing convenient public services for urban residents continuously. Combined with TOE theoretical framework, the specific operation status of Chinese smart cities is investigated from the application of big data technology as entry point, and optimal combination development path affecting the effective operation of smart cities was explored. The method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was used to conduct configuration analysis of the differences of smart city operation capabilities from three dimensions: technology, organization and environment. The findings are as follows. (1) Technological, organizational and environmental factors alone cannot be the necessary conditions for the improvement of smart city operation capacity, but technological capacity, economic development and scientific and technological innovation have general advantages in the improvement of smart city operation capacity; (2) The combination of three dimensions of conditional variables constitutes an effective path to drive the improvement of smart city operation capability, including “talent core-technology support type”, “talent core-organization support type”, “technology core type”, and “environment core-technology support type”. (3) The four types of combination paths will lead to the low level of smart city operation capacity, among which the low performance of digital governance, the insufficient effect of policies and regulations and the lack of scientific and technological innovation ability are the main influencing factors.