老年人心智模型研究及在交互设计领域的应用

针对老年人群在信息科技产品使用中面临的数字鸿沟问题，以数字打车产品为例，提出运用心智模型理论和方法指导，开展基于老年人心智的产品适老化设计研究。（1）收集老年人使用数字产品打车出行时的心智信息，对语音数据关键词文本进行信息编码，获得链接节点表格和过程链路图，并借助系统聚类分析方法产出心智节点聚类网络，提取出老年人在使用数字打车产品过程中存在的心智差异和缺口；（2）运用亲和图法构建老年人使用数字产品打车出行全流程心智空间，通过产品信息架构和功能流程设计填补各阶段心智空间缺口，整合交互流程，形成基于老年人心智的产品原型方案；（3）通过可用性任务测试和可用性度量评价对产品方案的适老可用性进行评估。研究指出，数字打车产品适老化设计的实质是填补老年人既有心智经验与产品使用需求能力之间的差距、引导老年人跨越数字鸿沟的过程。

Mental models in the brain: on context dependent neural correlates of mental models

In view of the digital gap in IT products used by aged people, with their digital tax-hailing demand, a research on applying mental model theory and methods in the age-friendly interactive design of digital taxi-hailing products was constructed. Firstly, the mental information of the elderly using digital products to take a taxi was collected, the text of the speech data keywords was encoded and the link node table and process link diagram were obtained. By using the systematic clustering analysis method, the mental node clustering network was generated, and the mental differences and gaps of the elderly in the process of using taxi-hailing digital products were extracted. Secondly, the mental space of the whole process of the elderly using digital products to take a taxi was constructed with the method of combining diagrams. With the product information architecture and functional process design methods, the gaps in the mental space at each stage were filled, the interaction processes were integrated, and a product prototype scheme based on the mentality of the elderly was conducted. Finally, through the usability task test and usability metric evaluation, the usability of the taxi-hailing digital product solution was evaluated. Research results show that the nature of digital products age-friendly design is to fill the gap between the aged people’ mental experience and the ability required by IT product, so as to help guide the elderly to cross the digital divide caused by mental differences.