美国社区服务的大学生择业准备模式研究

美国社区就业是得到国际普遍认可的大学生择业模式,其特点就是立法、政府(教育、劳动就业管理部门)与学校、社区的合作促进就业的制度设计。其中鼓励在校学生积极参与社区志愿服务的就业预备模式的实质,就是规避市场经济条件下的"毕业即失业"现象,使得教育和劳动就业部门、学校、社区和学生群体形成共同自由择业的合力。与美国不同,我国现行劳动预备制度排除了高校毕业生,特点是通过劳动技能培训、发证,促使初、高中毕业生走进劳动力市场。但自2004年高校扩招后,"毕业即失业"或毕业后滞后待业现象越来越呈现规模化。如何走出高校毕业生的择业困局,美国的社区就业模式值得借鉴。

Research on the College Students Community Service Employment Preparation Mode in America

American community employment is a universally recognized college students employment mode, and a employment system design in which legislation, government （ that is, the administrative department in charge of education, labor and employment） cooperating with schools and community. Unlike America, the present labor reserve system in China excludes college graduates, which is characterized by labor skill training and certification granting to prepare high school graduates for the labor market. However, with the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities since 2004, the phenomena like ＂graduation means unemployment＂ and lagging in employment after graduation are becoming more and more serious. In this regard, all patties con- cemed such as the national law, administrative department and the school have paid enough attention, but they＇ ve failed to work together. To get out of college graduates employment predicament, American community employment mode is worthy of reference.