“唯道是从”的德论——《道德经》研究

老子的《道德经》由道论和德论构成,"德"是"道"的显现和作用,"玄之又玄"的"道"要通过"德"才能更具体地理解。"德"的内容是由五个层次形成的结构:最高层的是"玄德",第二个层次的是"上德",第三个层次的是"下德",第四个层次是"上仁",第五个层次是"上义"。至于"上礼",《道德经》则将其排除在"德"之外。人育德的具体要求是"三宝""七善"。"三宝"是"一曰慈,二曰俭,三曰不敢为天下先"。"七善"是"居善地,心善渊,与善仁,言善信,正善治,事善能,动善时"。

On the Dao -Derived De Study of Tao Te Ching

Tao Te Ching by Laozi consists of theory of Dao and that of De. As for the relationship between them, De is themanifestation and functioning of Dao, only through which the mysterious Dao could be better understood. The content of De is afive - level structure： the top is the abstruse De, the second level the upper De, the third level the lower De, the fourth level theupper humanity, the last level the upper justice. And the upper propriety is excluded in the book. For humans to cultivate De,＂three precious virtues＂ and ＂seven kindnesses＂ are required. They are virtues of benevolence, thrift, and humility; and theseven kindnesses are to settle oneself at the right position, to be of peace and profundity in mind, to be kind - heated to others,to be credible in dealing with others, to have good governance in doing politics, to explore and make best of one potential, andto act in the right time.