多元医疗模式共存的医学人类学分析——以西双版纳傣族村寨为例

同一社会中多元医疗体系如何共存是医学人类学的研究领域之一。傣族具有悠久的历史文化,其中极具民族特色的傣族传统医学,是傣族人民几千年来不断实践,逐渐积累而成的。目前可供西双版纳傣族村寨村民选择的医疗模式有:传统医疗(包括傣医、中医)、现代医疗(以西医为主)、民间医疗(包括民间治疗仪式、大众知识)等,存在多元互补共存的现象。本文以田野调查为基础,从医学人类学的视角,考察傣族医药的形成和发展特征,以及生活在傣族村寨的人们的医疗信仰和医疗选择,分析多元医疗选择的原因,用医学人类学的观点指出多元医疗选择共存的合理性,从而有助于云南少数民族地区医疗事业的健康发展。

Medical Anthropology Analysis of the Coexistence of Medical Pluralism --Taking Dai Villages in Xishuangbanna as an Example

One area of medical anthropology is to approach coexistence of various kinds of medical systems in a society. TheDai nationality has a long history and culture, of which the Dai traditional medicine has distinct characteristics, and has beenpracticed and gradually accumulated by the Dai people for thousands of years. At present, three kinds of medical sources can bechosen by Dai people in Xishuangbanna： the traditional medicine, including TCM （Traditional Chinese Medicine） and Dai medi-cine ; modem medicine, mainly of Western medicine and folk medicine, including folk healing ceremonies and public medicalknowledge, and they are coexisted. From the perspective of medical anthropology, based on field work, this paper studies theformation and development characteristics of Dai medicine, as well as health beliefs and medical options of people living in theDai villages, and analyzes reasons of the diversity of medical choices. At last it points out that from the perspective of medicalanthropology the coexistence of diverse medical options in the Dai villages is reasonable and helps with the development of medi-cal cause in Yunnan minority areas.