理性与价值——试论殷海光精神世界中的矛盾、冲突与融合

自视为“五四后期人物”的思想家殷海光是20世纪后期中国自由主义思想的重要代表人物，也是20世纪五六十年代台湾青年学子的精神导师。他的精神世界中存在着强烈的矛盾和冲突，最后又从冲突走向融合。此一过程尤其反映在理性与价值这两个维度上。首先，殷海光的主要研究旨趣不在自己的专业逻辑与分析哲学上，他的思考重心是人类文化普遍性在中国文化中如何实现，但其全部运思进路却又是从逻辑与分析哲学出发的。其次，殷海光的自由主义带有浓厚的道德意识，他认为自由民主观念有特定的道德内涵，包含有普遍性的道德价值，如个人尊严、个人人格的完美发展、社会的公平与正义等。在这方面与英美传统的立场不同，保持了五四传统的特色。第三，殷海光生命前期的治学方法严守着逻辑实证论，在晚年时走出了逻辑经验论的限制，开始讨论属于心灵层面的价值、信仰、道德理想等问题。第四，殷海光早年坚持自五四以来中国现代自由主义西化派激烈反传统的立场，到了晚年对于中国传统文化的态度有了重大改变，这与他的视野主要转向了人的心灵问题及价值问题有关。殷海光内心蕴藏着强烈的价值意识，却以理性的追求为企向，在他的晚年这两个维度走向了融合。

Rationality and Value： An analysis of the contradiction,conflict and fusionin of the spiritual world of Yin Hai~uan~

Yin Haiguang who saw himself as a ＂late five four character＂ is an important representative of the late twentieth Century Chinese Liberalism. Also he is the Taiwanese youth mentor in the 1950s and 1960s. There are strong contradictions and conflicts--finally from conflict to integration in his spiritual world. This process is particularly reflected in the two dimensions of rationality and value. First of all, the main research objective of Yin Haiguang was not in logic and analytic philosophy which were his major. The focal point of his thoughts is how to realize the universality of human culture in the Chinese culture. But all of his operational approach is starting from the logic and analytic philosophy. Secondly, Yin Haiguang＇s liberalism is with a strong moral consciousness. He believes that the free and democratic ideas have particular moral content and contain the universal moral value, such as personal dignity, personality perfect development, social equity and justice. His idea in this respect is different from the Anglo-American traditional position and maintains the traditional characteristics of the five four. Thirdly, Yin Haiguang＇s research methods in his early life sticked to a logical positivism. He walked out of the limits of logical empiricism in his old age and began to discuss value, belief, moral ideal problem belonging to the spiritual. Fourthly, Yin Haiguang adhered to the modem school of liberalism against the traditional position since five four in his early age. In his old age, his attitude to Chinese traditional culture has changed since his vision mainly turned to the problem of the human mind and value. Yin haiguang＇s heart bears a strong sense of value, but he takes rational pursuit for the direction. In his later years these two dimensions go to fusion.