残疾儿童心理健康内涵及结构初探

心理健康是儿童生活和健康成长的保障,相较于普通儿童,在某些方面具有障碍或缺陷的残疾儿童更容易出现情绪和行为问题,其心理健康状况堪忧,迫切需要得到更多的关注和有效的干预.本文基于心理健康的概念和标准,结合残疾儿童的身心发展特点,厘清了残疾儿童心理健康的内涵,其实质是努力达成残疾儿童与外界环境的适度平衡和内心的和谐,即良好的社会适应.在此基础上,从社会适应心理机能的活动领域和特质内容两个维度入手,初步构建出残疾儿童心理健康的五领域(自我意识、人际交往、学习适应、生活适应、社会支持)与三内容(认知、情绪情感、意志行为)相交叉的二维结构模型,为进一步开展残疾儿童心理健康教育的实践工作奠定理论基础.

Preliminary Study on the Connotation and Structure of Mental Health of Children with Disabilties

Mental health is the guarantee of children’s healthy growth and life.Compared with the ordinary children,disabled children with obstacles or restrictions in some aspects are prone to emotional and behavioral problems,thus their mental health status is worrying and urgently needs more attention and effective interventions.This paper clarified the connotation of disabled children’s mental health based on the concepts and standards of mental health as well as the characteristics of disabled children’s physical and mental development.The essence of mental health is to strive for a proper balance between disabled children and the outside environment and inner harmony which means good social adaptation.On this basis,starting with the areas of activity and trait contents of psychological function of social adaptation,this study built up a two-dimensional structure model of disabled children’s mental health preliminarily.It included five areas(self-awareness,interpersonal communication,learning adaptation,life adaptation,and social support)and three contents(cognition,emotion,and behavior).This model intends to lay a theoretical foundation for further practice of mental health education for disabled children.