海峡两岸著作权刑法保护的比较研究

关于著作权刑法保护问题,我国台湾地区采用附属型立法模式,大陆则采用集中型立法模式;价值取向上,台湾秉承“人格价值观”,大陆则吸收了“财产价值观”理念;主观归责条件方面,台湾没有以营利为目的的规定,也不限于故意,过失也能构成犯罪,客观归责条件为,行为人实施了著作权法列举的侵犯著作权的行为,大陆则不同,它强调主观方面必须具备两个条件:一是“故意”,二是“以营利为目的”,客观归责条件也有两个方面,即(1)实施了侵犯著作权的行为或销售侵权复制品的行为;(2)情节严重。关于著作权犯罪的刑事处罚,两岸在刑种设置和程序安排上也有很大区别。由此,完善我国著作权刑法保护的具体构想为:(1)建构附属型刑法保护模式;(2)严密著作权刑法保护的法网;(3)采用自诉与公诉相结合的刑事追究程序。

A Comparative Study of Copyright Protections in Criminal Laws across Taiwan Strait

The copyright protections in criminal laws of Taiwan District are quite different from those of mainland China that Taiwan District adopts the attached legislative model while mainland China does the specific-criminal legislative model; with respect to the values, Taiwan District inherits "the personality values" while mainland China absorbs the idea of "the property values"; with regard to the subjective fixation of liability, Taiwan District has no provision of "for the purpose of seeking profits" and infringement is not limited to intentional acts, so negligence may also constitute a crime while the mainland emphasizes two requirements-"intention" and "for the purpose of seeking profits"; with regard to the objective fixation of liability, Taiwan District emphasizes that the doer has conducted the copyright infringement act(s) listed in the copyright laws while the mainland emphasizes two requirements-having conducted the copyright infringement act(s) or sold the infringed copies and the.gravity of the criminal act; with regard to penalty for copyright infringement, there exist major differences of the kind of punishments and the procedural arrangement between Taiwan District and mainland China. Therefore, to perfect mainland China's copyright protection in criminal law, we should do as follow: (1) to construct attached criminal protection model, (2) to well-knit the net of justice of copyright protection in criminal laws and (3) to apply the criminal investigation procedure which combines private prosecution with public prosecution.