宋代地方兵器生产机构论略--以作院、都作院为中心

承续前代发展基础，宋初即已形成以作院为中心的地方兵器生产基本格局。由北宋及南宋，地方兵器生产渐次出现以作院为中心、都作院的产生、以都作院为中心，及以都作院为中心但生产格局更趋复杂等明显嬗变轨迹。宋代地方兵器生产格局变迁的背后，不仅揭示了宋廷对地方兵器生产的重视及组织管理的加强，也是宋代兵器生产逐步向地方转移的历史反映。南宋地方兵器生产组织的复杂，其实是南宋兵器生产更趋地方化、地方兵器生产自主权增强的反映。宋代兵器生产地方化转移的同时，也是把生产任务、原料、劳役等逐步转嫁到基层民众的过程，最终使之成为普通民众根本无法摆脱的额外严重非固定赋役。

A Study on the local weapon production organization centered as Zuoyuan (作院) and Duzuoyuan (都作院) in the Song Dynasty

Basing the former development, the local weapons production pattern center to Zuoyuan (作) had been formed at the beginning of the Song Dynasty.The apparent evolution trajectories of the local weapons production pattern appeared, which were centered as Zuoyuan (作) , Duzuoyuan (都作) appeared, centered as Zuoyuan (都作) and production patterns more complex on the base of centered as Zuoyuan (都作).Those vicissitudes of the local weapons production pattern not only revealed the government attached importance to local weapons production, Strengthened organization and management, but also the history of the song dynasty weapons production gradually shifted to local.The complex phenomenon of the local ordnance production organization actually reflected the weapons production more localized , enhanced autonomy in local production in Southern Song Dynasty.The weapons production localization transferring was also the process which caused the production tasks , the burden gradually shifting to the grassroots.Eventually it became the extra serious non-fixed taxes which the ordinary people could not get rid of.