从康德的理性观看“自由意志”存在

自由意志作为康德道德形而上学建设的基本概念在分析的意义上必然地联系于具有纯粹性和普遍性特征的绝对存在；这样的存在因为拥有自身的原因性而区别于经验的过程，并同时将这样的存在与普遍性的原则规定或定言命令统一起来，形成一个自由世界的标准。当然，自由的确立还在于获得世界统一的先验综合根据，在于取得自由意志与其行为结果的统一；自由原因性的可能来自理性存在的事实及其实践特性，因为只有在这样的条件下，道德律命令才会因为“积极的自由”的存在而得以实现。

The Concept of Kantian Reason and the ＂Actuality＂ of Free Will

Moral law, free will, freedom and autonomy, being the radical concepts, are necessarily indicating the absolute being which is pure and general; the absolute being is distinguished from the natural existence for its own causality, and identifies itself with the general principle or category imperative to form the standard of freedom. Of course, the establishment of freedom is to have the ultimate base of the world＇s unity and to realize the combina- tion of free will and experiential objects; the being of reason and its practical characteristics ensure the possibility of the realization, and only under such condition, the active freedom would come into being.