对“叔本华的悲观主义美学”之说的质疑

国内学术界习惯使用的“叔本华的悲观主义美学”说法是值得质疑的。应该把叔本华的美学和他的形而上学及伦理学原则分开来考察,“悲观主义”一词只能用在他的形而上的观点上,而在美学观上,叔本华的“解脱论”根本是“乐观主义”的。叔本华并不主张自杀,他只对自杀作逻辑上推论,并非用在现实经验层面上。“悲观”和“乐观”是个不明确的述语,应该加以限制和说明,用“唯情主义”来指称叔本华的美学也许妥帖些。

A Questioning of the View of "Schopenhauer''''s Pessimistic Aesthetics"

The author of the present paper holds that the view of "Schopenhauer's pessimistic aesthetics" which the academic circles in China usually adopt is actually questionable.According to this paper,Schopenhauer's aesthetics should be separated from his metaphysics and ethic principles.The term "pessimism" is acceptable only when it is used to refer to Schopenhauer's metaphysical views.As to his aesthetic views,Schopenhauer's "extricating theory" is actually very optimistic.Moreover,the paper points out that Schopenhauer never supported the act of suicide.What he did was only to reason logically about suicide.Finally,the author of the paper concludes that "pessmism" and "optimism" are not clear terms and should be illustrated,and that "emotionalism" might be a better term to refer to Schopenhauer's aesthetics.