阿多诺的“否定哲学”与批判理论的思辨转向

阿多诺批判了资本主义"抽象的同一性"对人的隐性强制,认为没有认识到这种"同一性"统治之特殊性的对抗式革命实践,是注定要失败的盲目实践。因此,他从实践领域的革命式"批判"转向思辨批判,这与马克思将批判理论"从天国带回人间"的方向恰好相反。对于阿多诺的"否定哲学"及其思辨转向的审视,对于我们思考20世纪后期以来马克思主义理论和实践的发展具有重要意义。

On Adorno's Negative Philosophy and the Speculative Turning of Critical Theory

Adorno criticized the implicit restraint of capitalist ‘Abstract identity’ on man.According to him,the adversarial revolutionary practice was doomed to be a failure if the special nature of the restraint brought by this "identity" was ignored.Therefore,he turned from the revolutionary critique to the speculative critique in practice,which was opposite to Marx’s practice,taking critical theory ’back to earth from heaven’.The survey on Adorno’s "Negative Philosophy" and its speculative turning is of great significance for us to think about the development of Marxist theory and its practice since the late 20th century.