理解代表--关于代表的正当性与代表方式合理性的分析

理解代表,核心是要说明代表的正当性与代表方式的合理性问题。在人类政治文明化的演进中,人们所以选择代表的方式进行社会管理,是由公共权力的内在特征决定的,也是由公共权力的和平转移与运用以及现代社会规模过大等因素要求的。现代意义上的代表观念是建立在所有人都具有平等的内在价值的基础之上的,主权在民与公民权利成为代表正当性的依据,社会公众的同意与授权成为代表正当性的来源。代表观念的形成改变了政治的逻辑、政治思维的方式和政治的关系。通过投票的方式选举代表是由社会公众意志的主观性、差异性与变动性的特征决定的,同时也是人们的理性选择。在如何代表社会公众的意志方面,委托论与独立论、专职代表论与兼职代表论之间的争论是关于代表方式合理性的争论。

Understanding Representative:Analysis of the Legitimacy of Representative and the Legitimacy of Representative System

The key to understanding representative is to analyze the legitimacy of representative and the rationality of representative method. In the evolution process of human beings'politics civilization, people choose representative method to manage the society, which is dependent on the inherent characters of the public power. Modern idea of representative is based on everyone has his equal inherent value, people's sovereignty and citizen's rights become the foundation of legitimacy of representative, as well as the consent and entitlement of social publics. The formation of representative idea changed political logic, political idea and political relationship. Representative results from voting, this method is decided by the subject, differential and changeableness of the public willing, as well as people's rational choice. How to represent public willing brings the following arguments concerning the legitimacy of representative method: entrusted representative vs. independent representative, full-time representative vs. part-time.