戏曲程式的文化蕴涵与历史命运——兼论现代戏曲符号体系的建构

程式化是东方古典戏剧的共同特征。戏曲程式是一套特殊的符号体系 ,其特殊性主要表现在广泛而持久的因袭性和不容逾越的规范性上。作为古人对世界的一种审美掌握手段 ,程式保留了一代又一代戏曲艺术家的经验和智慧 ,促使传统戏曲走向辉煌 ,但它不可避免地带有“历史的暂时性质”。它以屈己从人、率由旧章、循礼守制的社会文化环境为依托 ,折射出东方民族重视文化传统、顺应束缚的文化精神。随着这一时代的逝去 ,程式迅速表现出严重的不适———难以适应反映现代生活的时代要求和青年观众的欣赏趣味。现代戏曲符号体系的建构以飞速发展、追新逐异、张扬个性的时代为依托 ,不大可能再重复以故常为法度的程式化道路

Cultural Implication and Historical Destination of the Stylization of Traditional Opera

Stylization is a common feature of classical oriental opera. It forms a special semiotic system, the characteristic of which is mainly displayed in its wide and long range of inheritance and its undeniable standardization. As an ancient aesthetic understanding of the world, the stylization of traditional opera bears its \!historical temporality\". Based on the social environment of compromising with others and following conventional rules, the stylization illustrates both the significance of traditional culture to oriental people and the cultural spirit of yielding to the yoke of tradition in oriental people.