中国北方游牧起源问题初探

关于中国北方游牧业的起源,可以从以下四个方面来理解:第一,游牧与农业的分离,其中恩格斯"第一次社会大分工"的理论具有重要的指导意义。第二,中国北方地区新石器时代晚期混合经济的出现,进一步促进了游牧从农业中分离出来的过程。第三,中国北方游牧的兴起是在青铜文化背景下展开的。在中国北方青铜时代,人们已生活在一种依赖动物畜养而经常移动的方式中。第四,在混合经济向游牧经济转变的过程中,影响因素是多方面的,但生态环境的变化可能是导致中国北方游牧兴起的重要原因。

Probing into the Origin of Nomadic Industry in Northern Area of China

The origin of nomadic industry in northern area of China is probed into four aspects: First, the nomadic industry was separated from agriculture, just as Friendrich Engels' epigram confirming the first great division of labor in society of human history. Secondly, the status quo of the late Neolithic Age in primitive north China when miscellaneous economy came into being is substantially analyzed. The third part approaches to the fact that nomadism of the north areas in ancient China from the social background of the Bronze culture. The archaeological findings provide the evidence that early in the Bronze Age the primitive people were living a nomadic life without definite settlement. The fourth part tackles the cause in view of the transition from miscellaneous economy to nomadic economy. The metamorphosis of the natural environment might have been the essential cause leading to the appearance of nomadic ethnic people in north China.