美国分权体制的确立及其演变

１７８７年美国宪法在强化联邦政府权力的同时，为防止行政或立法部门权力专横而导致暴政，又实行立法、行政及司法三个部门分权与互相制衡的体制。随着社会的变迁，美国分权体制不断发生演化，大致经历了权力相对平衡、国会居权力主导地位和总统居权力主导地位三个时期。分权体制对防止专制暴政具有积极的意义，但不应过高评价，因为它仅是美国法治制度的一部分，还有其他一些原则和体制与其同声相应，相辅相成，并且它本身也存在一些弊端。

On the Set - up of the U. S. Governmental System of Separation of Powers And its Evolution

While strengthening the power of the Federal Government, Constitution of the United States in 1787 put into practice the separation of powers which provided checks and balance among the legislative, the executive and the judicial departments, to guard against tyranny re sulting from abuse of power by the executive or the legislative department. With social changes, the system has undergone three stages of changes: from relative balance of power to the stage of the Congress having the leading position in power and to the stage of the Presi dent having leading Power. Though having a positive significance in guarding against tyran ny, the separation of powers should not be over - evaluated, because it is just a component of the U. S. system of rule by law. Torespond to the separation system, there are other principles and subsystems. Although supplementary to separation of power, they have defects.