汉语弱名词短语作主语的限制探讨

名词短语可以分为强名词和弱名词短语。强名词短语预设所指代物体的存在,而弱名词短语不预设所指代物体的存在,指示不明确,只是引入变量于句中,而变量必须受到限制,所以其要满足一定的要求才能使句子符合语法。主宾语位置的不对称,情态动词,谓词性质以及事态句非事态句,这些都是弱名词短语作主语的限制因素。此外,名词短语的强弱之分只是一种程度上的不同,强弱限定词的划分不是一般的双分,而是表现为一种序列。

On the Constraints of Weak NPs Appearing in the Subject Position of Mandarin Chinese

Noun Phrases（NPs） can be classified into strong NPs and weak NPs. Strong NPs can presuppose the existence of the denoted object, while weak NPs do not have presuppositionality, and they can only introduce variables which should be constrained in the sentences. So if they would appear in the sentences properly, they should meet some certain conditions. The asymmetry of subject-object position, different modal verbs, different properties of predicates, and eventuality/non-eventuality are considered as the constraints of weak NPs appearing in the subject position of Mandarin Chinese. Furthermore, the difference of two types of NPs is just a difference in the extent, what is to say, a sequence in the extent, not a simple dichotomy.