国际环境损害责任私法化析论

国际环境损害责任法的编纂和发展因为国际环境责任的私法化而出现突破和转机。“国际法不加禁止的行为产生的损害性后果的国际责任”存在的困境在于造成跨境环境损害的主体通常为私法主体,却要由国家为其承担国际责任,故难以为各国接受。预防原则已经成为国际环境法的基本原则,确立了国家对实施预防原则的国际义务,损失分担的安排借鉴了国际海上油污损害等领域环境损害责任私法化的成果,标志着国际环境损害责任正在向私法化发展。同时,国家在跨界环境损害中承担补充责任并应在安排损失分担方面起重要作用,而在国家作为造成跨界损害主体的某些特别领域,国家依然是承担责任的主体。

Analysis on the Privatization of International Environmental Damage Liability

The codification of international environmental damage liability experienced a disruptive change.The dilemma in the codification before in international liability lies in the fact that the transnational damage of environment are usually caused by the subjects of private law,meanwhile the states are called to be responsible for the damage.The precautionary principle has been written into international environmental law and outties the precautionary obligation of countries. The sharing responsibility rule draws the experience in the compensation assessment for oil pollution damage and showed the tendency of privatization in international environmental damage liability.States still bear supplementary responsibility and play important roles in the arrangement of sharing of environmental responsibility.However in some special fields where states are the subjects and cause transnational environmental damage,states are still the subjects to bear compensation responsibility.