马克思主义文艺观的逻辑起点及体系变迁

人类生活世界以及人类自身是一种一元性的存在,在这种一元性的存在当中,人类最为理想的生存状态就是人类与世界、与自身之间能够拥有一种自由性质的关系。但是,在资本主义社会,人类的实际生存状况则是:由于私有制的存在,人类的感觉被囚禁在了物质欲望之中,同时,工人在劳动当中也出现了严重的异化。那么,如何才能够根本改变人类的这种生存状况?这一问题构成了马克思主义美学、文艺学的逻辑起点。正统的马克思主义注重社会实践,将文学艺术纳入于其宏观性质的社会规划。而西方马克思主义尤其是法兰克福学派则注重文化批判,强调文学艺术对于现实社会意识的颠覆、反判性质。从而造成了马克思主义文艺理论体系的变迁。

The logical Starting Point and System Change of Marxism Literary concept

Human beings and the world in which they live are but a mono-system existence,the ideal mode of which is one in which man feels free with the world and with other human beings.However,in the capitalist society,individuals feel themselves imprisoned in the desire for material possession and laborers find themselves seriously alienated as a result of the private system.So,how to change the fundamental conditions for human has become the question constituting the logical starting point of Marxism aesthetics and literary ideas.Orthodox Marxism pays attention to social practice,integrating the literary arts in its macroscopic social plan.But West Marxism,especially the Frankfurt School pays great attention to cultural critique,emphasizing the nature of literary art for upsetting and rebellion to the reality of social consciousness,thus resulting in the systematic change of Marxism theory of literature and art.