章学诚对“道”的探索及其时代意义

《文史通义·原道》篇是章学诚历史哲学探索的代表作,他不作经院式探讨,而是与社会实践联系起来,因而具有批判性和超前性的鲜明特色.他提出历史哲学三个互相紧密联系的命题:其一,“道出自然”,“渐形渐著”,存在不得不然的客观趋势.其二,应当区分推动形成万事万物的客观法则的“道”本身,和万事万物的具体形式；“言圣人体道可也,言圣人与道同体不可也”；“学于众人,是为圣人”.其三,“道”与事功密切相连,六经不能穷尽“道”,事变之出于后者,六经不能言,立言之士的责任是总结出新的“道”.诚如梁启超所言,章学诚的论述“实为乾嘉以后思想解放之源泉”.

The Tao Explored by Zhang Xue -cheng and Its Significance of Times

"The Original Way" from Wen Shi Tong Yi by Zhang Xue-cheng is his representative work in the exploration of historical philosophy.He did not give a trivial discussion but associated with social practice.He proposed three propositions closely related.First,Tao comes from nature and appears gradually.Second,the original Tao and its concrete appearances should be told.The sage can be reflected in the Tao,but the sage and the Tao can’t be in the same body.Third,the Tao and events are closely related,but six classics can’t limit the Tao,for six classics can’t speak,the authors of these classics should sum up the new Tao.The statement by Zhang Xue-cheng is the source of ideological emancipation.