超越进步主义的意识形态——论历史唯物主义的灾难学视角及其意义

历史唯物主义是具有解放意图的社会批判理论,它的内容和形式必须根据人类生存条件的变化不断地加以更新和发展。传统历史唯物主义把资源、生产和技术发展的无限性作为前提。这些理论前提在生态灾难和各种社会危机面前已经显露出局限性,对"进步的意识形态"或进步拜物教的批判是历史唯物主义的新课题。经典的历史唯物主义具有双重性,既肯定生产力和技术发展的解放潜能,同时也强调片面发展的破坏性和灾难性后果。但是,在后来的马克思主义者那里,后者被边缘化了,没有得到应有的重视。在当代人类的处境下,历史唯物主义需要引入灾难学视角,反思进步的限度和进步主义的局限性,把人类的自我拯救和对受难者的关怀作为自己的核心规范和思想前提。

Beyond Ideology of Progressivism: Disasterologic Perspective in Historical Materialism and Its Meanings

Historical materialism is the critical social theory with the intention of human emancipation;it must keep up with the change and development of human existential conditions.The classical historical materialism takes the infinity of resources,material production and technological development as prere-quisites.These theoretical premises expose their limitation in front of the ecological disaster and other forms of social crisis.In contemporary Marxism,the critique of "ideology of progress" or "fetishism of progress" is a new subject.The classical historical materialism has dual perspectives: it acknowledges the positive potentials of development of productive force and technology.It also emphasizes disastrous consequences.In the aftermath,the latter aspect is almost neglected and has not received due attention.In contemporary society,historical materialism has dual missions: the elimination of all social relations which induced people to be exploited and oppressed and the leading to human self-extinction.