哲学视域下的中西性别理论与女性文学批评

从哲学维度研究性别问题,着眼点在于研究男女两性社会身份的相互关系问题。西方奠基于理性与感性二元界分的哲学思维,使男性获得被崇尚的理性身份,女性则随着感性身份的被定义而被摒出＂中心＂的地位,成为两性对立关系中男性主体的＂他者＂;中国哲学的有机整体性思维,规定了男女两性的一体性取向及相依相生的关系。但在中国人伦本体性文化体系中,哲学同时又是伦理哲学或哲学伦理学,伦理学的男尊女卑序位观念获得哲学的合法性认可,女性由此被置于两性构成性关系中的＂卑下＂的处境。中西女性文学与批评基于各自性别哲学而展开,呈现各自的特色。因此,中国女性文学批评民族主体性建构,应重视性别哲学维度的发掘。

Chinese and Western Gender Theories and Female Literature Criticism from the Perspective of Philosophy

From the philosophical dimension of gender issues, the research is focusing on dealing with the relationship of social identity between male and female. Western philosophical thinking is based on rational and perceptual binary divisions,which renders men the advocated rational identity, while women are defined as perceptual identity and stay out of the ＂center＂ position, becoming ＂the other＂ of the subjectivity of men in the opposite relationship. However, organic wholeness thinking of Chinese philosophy provides for oneness orientation of male and female and interdependent relationship. In Chinese ethical ontological cultural system, philosophy is meanwhile ethical philosophy or philosophical ethics. The concept of female subordination to male gets legitimate philosophical recognition in ethics, and women, therefore, are placed in this ＂humble＂ position in the constitutive relation. Chinese and western feminist literature and criticism are carried out based on their gender philosophy respectively, presenting their own characteristics. Therefore, the construction of national subjectivity of Chinese feminist literature and criticism should pay attention to the exploration of gender philosophical dimension.