比较哲学视域中康德与退溪的道德形而上学证明

李退溪是朝鲜李朝时期性理学的代表,康德是德国古典理性主义的代表。作为东西方哲学的主要代表人物,二者各自以＂四端＂＂善良意志＂等自在之善的超验范畴建构了理性主义的道德形而上学;又不约而同地在自由和自律相统一的意义上强调伦理主体的自觉与自律;在实践层面上借助道德宗教激励人不断趋近道德王国,共同展开了自身精神主宰的高贵生命之道。但二者思想又同中有异,最根本的区别在于康德诉诸理性能力,退溪诉诸先天情感能力。对二者伦理学方法论的比较有助于推进伦理学理论内在的构造,管窥东西方不同的理论思维方式与共同规律。

Comparison of Ethics Approach Between Kant and T'Oegye

T＇oegye is a representative of neo-Confucianism in Ly Dynasty of North Korea, and Kant is representative of German classical rationalism. As the chief representatives of eastern and western philosophy, they constructed the moral metaphysics of rationalism in their respectively transcendental category of ＂four virtues＂and＂good will＂; and they emphasized awareness and autonomy of ethical subject under the integrated meaning of freedom and autonomy by mutual consent; they encouraged people to keep approaching to the religious moral kingdom with the help of moral religion in practice, and jointly launched a noble way of life by dominating their own spirit. But there are some differences between the two similar thoughts in both sides, the fundamental difference of which is that Kant appeals to rational ability, while T＇oegye resorts to congenital emotional ability. The comparison of the ethics methodology of both sides contributes to internal construction of ethical theory, and having a restricted view of different theoretical thinking styles and common laws between the east and west.