秦汉时期刺客叙事的变迁——由《史记·刺客列传》到“汉武梁祠画像”中的“要离刺庆忌”

司马迁《史记·刺客列传》收录了五位历史人物,而出现于东汉桓灵间武梁祠画像石上的属于"刺客群组"的则有六位,与前者相比,后者所多出的为刺客要离。由《战国策》、《吕氏春秋》至《史记》、《说苑》、《汉书》,再至武梁祠画像石"要离叙事"的变化,可见"要离"未进入《史记.刺客列传》,是司马迁经过考虑而选人入传的结果。在司马迁身后,汉人对其所书写型构的"刺客世界"并未终止,刘向《说苑》中出现了将此五位刺客义士打散后重编的思维与叙事新编。在从《史记》文本叙事到武梁祠画壁画像叙事之间,"要离"重新被型塑并经历了由"刺客之外"到"刺客之内"的角色转变历程。

Shifts in the Narrative of Assassins During the Qin-Han Periods,a Case Study

The "Biography of the Assassins" in The Historical Record included five historical characters,while the cast in the stone carving of "the assassin group" in the Wu Family Shrines of the Eastern Han Dynasty consisted of six,with the additional one being Yaoli.From The Strategy of the Warring States and Lv Shi Chun Qiu,to The Historical Record,Shuo Yuan,History of the Han Dynasty,and the narrative of Yaoli of the stone carving,the shift indicates that Yaoli's being excluded from the "Biography of the Assassins" in The Historical Record,was from Sima Qian's consideration.The "assassin world" as written and shaped by Sima Qian,however,had not ended after him.A new narrative emerged in Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan,with the five assassins reassembled.From the narrative text of The Historical Record to the narrative image of the stone carving in the Wu Family Shrine,Yaoli had been re-shaped,and experienced a shift from "the assassin without" to "the assassin within."