职业流动的途径及其相关因素对上海市劳动力市场的实证分析

“职业流动”是经济学和社会学共同关注的重要主题之一。对于这一现象,经济学家往往站在“理性人”的角度上,把劳动者解释为追求利益最大化的“理性”行动者(霍夫曼,1989:20),流动与否、采用何种途径流动以及相应的结果都是其理性决策的过程。在他们看来,劳动者的职业流动如果不是因为劳动力市场产生了职位空缺需要有人去填补(White, 1970; Tuma & Hannan, 1984),就是因为劳动者预计流动后的收益大于不流动的收益(陆铭,2002:135 137)。但在社会学家看来,这些解释显然不够充分,因为他们发现职业流动中劳动者的行为往往混杂着对非经济目标的…

Paths of Job Mobility and Their Predictors:Results from an Empirical Analysis of the Chinese Urban Labor Market

When studying job mobility, economists and sociologists have different focuses: The former tend to emphasize "pure rationality" and "maximized profit" as the driving forces; whereas the latter usually focus on the societal and non-economic factors. Further differences are seen in their discussion of the paths of job mobility: In addition to the formal paths based on the "human (intellectual) capital" illustrated by economists, sociologists emphasize the informal or relational paths based on the "social capital." This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of the job mobility paths in the Chinese urban labor market in transition. Workers with low levels of education tend to rely upon their "social capital" when they have to change jobs. In contrast, those with higher education tend to obtain job mobility via formal paths, reflecting the value of their "human capital", which is an indicator of a highly effective labor market.