乌托邦与历史的终结--马克思理论视角的历史反思与批判

马克思理论是一种科学的、开放的社会发展理论,而不是纯粹乌托邦式的思辨想像,但马克思理论仍然包含着社会理想的乌托邦维度,即否定或超越现实的批判维度。缺少这一维度,马克思关于人类解放的终极理想和对未来历史的终极关切就不可能显现。因此,马克思理论常常被宣称“历史的终结”的现代性鼓吹者指责为空想和不切实际。由于彻底放弃乌托邦社会理想这一维度,现代性才满足于“单面的社会”,看不到人类历史更广阔的可能性空间。

Utopia and the End of History: Historical Reflection of Marxist Perspective

Marx' s theory is a scientific and open theory of social development, not a pure speculative Utopian imagination. Marx' s theory does have a dimension of ideal Utopia about social development, namely, the critical dimension of negating or transcending the then reality. Without it, Marx' s ultimate ideal of liberation of mankind and his ultimate concern on the future of history could not be presented. So advocates, who assert that history has terminated, rebuke Marx' s theory as fancy and impractical one. They are satisfied with unilateral society and can not see mankind' s wide space of possibilities of history, because they completely abandon this dimension of Utopian social ideal.