外需疲软、生产技术革新与制造业劳动力价格扭曲

降低劳动力价格扭曲是减少我国资源错配、提高全要素生产率和实现经济效率提升的关键手段，当前外需疲软和生产技术升级诉求会对劳动力价格扭曲产生什么样的影响呢？本文在构建劳动力价格扭曲新型测度方法的基础上，从描述性统计和实证检验双层面对上述问题进行深入剖析。研究发现：首先外需疲软有助于缓解我国制造业劳动力价格扭曲，而技术革新则会加剧劳动力价格扭曲，二者合力表现出一定的相互抵消关系，因而在当前外需疲软背景下，企业进行技术革新不失为一种“好策略”；其次我国补贴政策的效果有悖政府补贴的初衷，表现出一定的“补贴悖论”，应重新审视和优化中高技术企业的补贴机制，发掘补贴在加快中国经济发展方式转变中的正向功能；最后融资约束和投入产出效率提升对多数企业劳动力价格扭曲表现出一定的“中性”和“不敏感”特征，规模经济则会显著加剧内资制造业劳动力价格扭曲。

Inadequate Foreign Demand,Update of technology and Price Distortion of Labor in Manufacturing Industry

This paper constructs a new method to estimate the price distortion of labor, and tries to analyze the influence of inadequate foreign demand and update of technology on price of labor with statistical analysis and empirical analysis. The results show that inadequate foreign demand will relieve the price distortion of labor, update of technology will aggravate the distortion and the effects of this two factors will offset each other to some extent. Therefore, updating technology will be a good strategy at the background of inadequate foreign demand. Secondly, the effects of subsidy policies depart from government expectation. It is necessary to optimize the mechanism of subsidy and exploit its positive role to the change of economic development mode in China. Thirdly, financial constrain and improvement of input and output efficiency is neutral and insensitive to the price distortion of labor, and the scale economy has negative effects on the distortion.