中国养老金体系待遇充足性的多维度评估

养老金制度的首要目标是防止老年贫困和实现一定水平的收入替代，从而养老金的“待遇充足”至关重要。本文借鉴国际上关于养老金充足性的多维度评估思路，结合中国实际，构建了中国养老金体系待遇充足性的三维度、六指标评价体系。在此基础上，基于国家统计局公开的数据以及全国综合社会调查（CGSS）提供的微观数据进行测算分析，发现我国养老金体系在收入水平、防止贫困和性别差异三个维度上的表现并不理想，各地区养老金充足性在不同时间上存在差异。进而提出我国应在不同层次养老金制度设计中强化收入替代功能、防止老年贫困和缩小性别差异等政策建议。

Multidimensional Evaluation of the Adequacy of Pension System in China

The primary objectives of a pension system are poverty relief and income substitution, also known as the goal of adequacy. This paper constructs an assessment framework using Synthetic-Indicators to evaluate China’s pension system based on European’s newly developed multidimensional perspectives. According to the micro-level data from China General Social Survey and census data, findings suggest that the situation on adequacy of pension benefit is not satisfactory in terms of indicators of income, poverty relief and gender gap, and the benefit level varies from province to province in different years in China. We conclude this paper by giving advice on strengthening the function of income substitution, poverty relief and narrowing gender gap in the design of China’s multilayer pension system.