有形公共产品高成本治理的长远战略与短期对策

有形公共产品是人们生活直接或间接必需品,直接关系到公众的福祉与社会公平。公共产品的高成本服务是国际范围内普遍存在的问题。政府管理的软约束以及现行的服务体制是高成本的根源,特别是有形公共产品政府垄断的高成本不仅体现在服务主体的高成本生产过程,更体现在公众消费性价比较以及社会不同阶层对于公共资源享受的不公平,实际上已经延伸到国民收入分配各环节,既对现行的收入分配与公共管理内涵提出了挑战,也对科学发展和和谐社会建设产生了消极影响。实践证明,难以在垄断体制下找到控制有形公共产品高成本的依据,也无法用公众监督从真正意义上约束政府垄断体制下的公共产品管理机制。与任何产品的服务体制一样,有形公共产品政府垄断服务体制下的高成本问题根源不在某一生产主体,无论是政府管理还是公共产品服务主体的内部管理,以及社会及其公众监督,在垄断体制下都是无能为力的。高成本治理的长远战略是建立有形公共产品公共服务体系,当下对策是调整国民收入分配结构。

Long-term Strategies and Short-term Solutions for the High-Cost Governance of Tangible Public Goods

Tangible public products are necessary for human life,which have direct relationship with public livelihood and social justice.The high cost of public products service is a common problem all over the world,and the soft restraining power of government management and the current service system,especially the tangible public products,are the root of the high cost.The high cost of government monopoly is reflected not only in the producing process of service subjects,but also in the price ratio of public consumption.Furthermore,the inequality of the sharing of public resource within different social classes has already affected the distribution of national income,which has challenged the present income distributing system and public managing system,and also has adverse effects on social development and the establishment of a harmonious society.Practice shows that it is difficult to find out the measures to control of the high cost of tangible public products in the situation of a monopoly system and it is even impossible to effectively constrain the public products management system by means of public monitoring in a real sense.The long-term strategy to tackle the problem is to establish a sound service system of tangible public products,and what can be done at present is to restructure the national income distributing system.