论当代中国小说的宏大叙事——以同一美学为理论视域

文学的宏大叙事以反映宏大的社会主题和揭示历史发展的本质规律为己任。新中国成立后前30年的中国当代长篇小说是一种服从于革命政治意识形态需要的宏大叙事，但这种叙事无论在主题的选择、形象的塑造以及艺术的风格上都有一种洛特曼所谓的模式化、重复化、单一化的同一美学特征。新时期文学在坚持对宏大的社会和文化主题的关注以及对人性深度的剖析的同时，在小说中融入了一些更为个性化、多元化、差异化、审美化的叙事元素，这使得其超越了以往的审美上的同一性缺陷，走向了一种后宏大叙事和后同一美学。无论是以前的宏大叙事，还是当下的后宏大叙事，它们的一个共同特征就是其中蕴含有一种对同一化的社会本质以及普遍的精神主题的美学追求，尽管这种同一性在它们那里有不同的表现形式。只要有对历史、人性、意义的追求，文学的宏大叙事及其所体现的同一性的文学美学特征就有它存在的审美和思想价值。

On the grand narrative of contemporary Chinese fiction in the perspective of the aesthetics of identity

The grand narrative in literature aims to reflect grand social themes and reveal the nature of historical development. In the first thirty years after the founding of PRC, the grand narrative style of contemporary Chinese novels finds expression in serving the need of revolutionary and political ideology, which has the features of modeling, repetition and one-dimension either in theme, or in image or in style, that is, similar features of the aesthetics of identity called by Lotman. Some narrative elements that are more individual, multiplex, differential and aesthetic than ever have been integrated into the literature in the New Period of China with a continued focus on the grand social and cultural themes and the rich implications of humanity, which helps it transcend the traditional grand narrative and the identical defects in the aesthetics and turn to a post-grand narrative and post-grand aesthetics. Whether the past grand narrative or the current post-grand narrative, one common feature is the aesthetic pursuit of an identical social nature and shared spirit, although the identity finds expression in different forms. As long as there is the pursuit of historic value, humanity and significance, grand narrative in literature as well as its feature of identical aesthetics has its aesthetic and ideological value.