汉晋至唐岳神司命信仰谳论

在民间信仰脉络中,先秦"泰山治鬼"说在汉代演化为泰山司命信仰,逮至晋唐,泰山主治生死的职能更为细化,形成以泰山神为首的地府衙署。作为岱宗,泰山司命信仰自然会影响五岳。东汉时泰山裁定生死的职能已投射到五岳。至唐代,岳神司命信仰流布更广,信仰内涵渐趋丰富,更多折射出世俗化的信仰诉求。与民间岳神司命信仰发展理路不同,汉唐道教将泰山治鬼说与道教神学思想结合并加以创发,道教岳神司命信仰由此别具特点,具体表现为泰山司命的重要标识——泰山死籍形成、岳神司命信仰与五岳真形图信仰、五岳真君信仰相融合。

On the Belief of Mountain Si-ming God from Han and Jin to Tang Dynasty

In the folk belief,the idea that Mountain Tai governed ghosts in the period of pre-Qin came into being the belief of Mountain Tai Si-ming God in the Han,and then the function to control life and death was refined during the period of Jin and Tang Dynasty and the chthonic government office headed by Mountain Tai God was formed. As the first of Five Sacred Mountains,Mountain Tai Si-ming God naturally affected the whole of Five Mountains and the function to judge life and death belonging to Mountain Tai was projected to the latter. The belief of Mountain Si-ming God spread widely and the connotation of belief was more abundant and reflected more secularized demands in the Tang Dynasty. On the other hand,Taoism from Han to Tang Dynasty integrated the idea that Mountain Tai governed ghosts and Taoist theology to create the Taoist belief of Mountain Si-ming God with unique characteristics,the main points are as the follows: the Death Registration of Mountain Tai came into being,the belief of Mountain Si-ming God combined with the belief of the Diagram of the True Form of Five Sacred Mountains,and the belief of Perfect Sovereign of Five Sacred Mountains.