廉洁与效率:英国两次文官制度改革的共同价值取向

１９世纪中叶，英国进行了第一次文官制度改革。它确立　了文官考选、常任、中立和通才原则，建立起了近代英国文官制度，满足了工业时代的要求　。１００年后，英国再次对文官制度进行大规模改革，重点改善文官的素质与构成，加强文官　专业化，以适应科技时代对文官的要求。这两次文官制度改革的背景、内容虽各不相同，但　却拥有共同的价值取向，即廉洁与效率。

Efficiency and Honesty: the Common Value Taken by the Two British Civil Service Reforms

In the 1850s the British Civil Service started the first tremendous reform.This reform established some principles such as competition,pe rmanence,neutrality and versatitity,so as to adapt to the development of the in dustrial age.One hundred years later,the Labour Government carried on a comprehe nsive reform,whose contents included:improving civil servants' quality and co nstitute,and putting premium on the function of specialists so as to meet the re quirements of the science and technical age.The two Civil Service Reforms,thoug h different in background and content,have a common value cognition,that is,effi ciency and honesty,which are the basic requirements to the civil servants and th e essential value of the civil service.