试论中国传统价值体系中的整体主义及其在近代的变革

整体主义是中国传统文化的一个基本倾向 ,也是传统价值体系的一个重要原则。它一方面根植于传统的社会结构 ,另一方面又是理论上自觉建构的产物。整体主义建立在人类群体与个体既分裂而又寻求统一的历史事实基础上 ,同时它还与人类对意义的追求或要求超越的愿望有关。因此整体主义不仅以前近代社会“人的依赖关系”为根基 ,而且有着广泛的社会心理基础。由于历史条件的限制 ,中国近代启蒙思想对整体主义的批判和反省是很不彻底的。

Holism in the Traditional Chinese value system and its Modern Transformation

Holism is both a basic tendency of the traditional Chinese culture and an important principle of the traditional value system. It is rooted in the social structure on the one hand, and it is a theoretical self formation on the other. It is based on the division and union of human beings as a group and an individual and related with human pursuit after meaning and transcendence. Therefore, holism not only based on "the human dependence" of the pre-modern society but also possessed widespread social psychological foundation. Due to the restriction of historical conditions, the modern enlightenment in China bears incompleteness in the criticism of and reflection over holism.