马克思思想宗教化的"趋势"及其批判

将马克思思想与宗教等同起来,是自19世纪60年代以来许多西方著名思想家,如B.罗素、卡尔.洛维特、保罗.蒂利希等解读马克思思想的一种“趋势”,这一趋势直至21世纪的今天仍具有相当影响。其主要内容是夸大马克思哲学作为一种世界观、人生观、历史观以及对人的理解与宗教(主要是指基督教)的相似之处,以此得出马克思主义是一种新宗教或准宗教的结论,否认马克思哲学的伟大意义。可是,认为以理性为特征的哲学与以信仰为根基的宗教本质有着明显不同;预言并非宗教专利,许多非宗教的思想家也会以预言和信仰的形式谋划未来、给人希望;马克思思想是与现实被压迫人民解放运动紧紧联系在一起的。同时,我们认为共产主义一方面包含世俗性、现实性的无神论色彩;另一方面又具有超越现实的形上性、理想性,这两种维度的同时存在是马克思思想与宗教区别的最重要标志。

A Tendency of Religionizing Marxist Thoughts and Criticism on It

Degrading Marxist thoughts as a religion,the tendency of decoding Marxism since the 1860s by many Western philosophers,such as B.Russell,Karl Lowith,Paul Tillich,etc.,has its influence up to now.It exaggerates the similarities of Marxism and other religions in outlook for world,life,history and mankind,and concludes Marxism is a neo-religion or quasi-religion,denying its significance.However,the bases vary from rational philosophy to belief-featured religion;prediction can never be monopolistic for religion,and many philosophers also forecast future;another character is hardly can Marxist thoughts be cut away from the liberation movement of the oppressed.On the one hand,we accept the mundane and practical antitheism of communism,and on the other hand,it acquires the metaphysical and ideal characteristics beyond practices.The co-existence of the two dimensions illustrates the outmost feature between Marxist thoughts and religions.