多元话语视角下的毒品成瘾问题分析

对毒品成瘾的认识,在管理者、吸毒者双方的话语中呈现各自不同的特征。管理者的成瘾话语是以鸦片类毒品为模板进行成瘾认识的,30年来对成瘾的宣传报道并没有太大的变化。吸毒者的成瘾话语是区分毒品类型与使用程度的,他们以鸦片类毒品的成瘾模式进行对照,不成瘾成为新型毒品的首要特征。两种话语的成瘾认知差异,背后的原因在于以医学为代表的科学毒品话语体系没有建立起来。期盼毒品话语能超越对鸦片类毒品成瘾的理解,对毒品认识进行更加科学的医学界定,从而为在新的历史背景下开展毒品治理工作提供更有成效地禁毒与戒毒宣传。

A Study of Drug Addiction from the Perspective of Diverse Discourse

As to the understanding of drug addiction,two discourses have their own different characteristics from the government and drug users.The government’s discourse considers the opiate drug addiction as a template for understanding,and it has not changed for three decades.Drug users’ discourse distinguishes drug type and use level.They consider that addiction is not the primary feature of new drugs compared to opiate drug.Two discourses have their own addiction cognitive differences.The reason is that medical drug discourse has not been established.We can look forward to going beyond the understanding of opiate drug addiction,giving a more scientific understanding of the drug,and providing an effective anti-drug and rehabilitation publicity for drug control management in the new historical background.