汉唐间礼仪体系与行政体系中官职的关系及其变化——以封禅礼中封玉牒仪执事官身份的变化为中心

从汉到唐,封禅礼中封玉牒仪逐渐细化,由封玉牒变为封玉牒、封玉册两个步骤。在仪式中,皇帝一直扮演亲自行封的角色,但仪式的执事官却在不断变化着,由汉代太尉、尚书令和太常的组合变成了唐代太尉、中书令和侍中的组合。礼仪事务中执事官身份的变化滞后于其它日常政务运行中官僚体制的变化。因官僚体制变化而产生的行政体系与礼仪体系中职官地位不对称的矛盾,既反映了礼仪体系的调整滞后于行政体系的调整,也是中国帝制时代权力运作的一种协调与制衡。

Relationship of Ritual System to the Official Status in Administrative System and Its Changes between Han and Tang Dynasties ---case study of the status of Jade Plate Deacon in Imperial Sacrifice Ceremony

From Han to Tang Dynasties, the Jade Plate rite in the Imperial Sacrifice Ceremony was increasingly specifically prescribed, and fell into two parts of Jade Hate rite and Jade Book rite. Though Emperor remained the Sacrifice executor, the rite deacon position underwent continuous changes, from the combination of Taiwei, Shangshuling and Taichang in Han Dynasty to the combination of Taiwei, Zhongshuling and Shizhong in Tang Dynasty. This is inconsistence between the rite system and the administrative system as a result of bureaucratic system changes, which reflects the delay of rite system adjustment compared with administrative system and a coordination and balance mechanism of power operation of imperial Chinese ages.