The philosophical impact of Shintoism,Buddhism, and Confucianism on Japanese management practices

The philosophical influences of Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism manifest themselves in a variety of ways in modern Japanese management practices. The paper explores the historical roots of these driving social forces and explains their relationship to such management practices as performance appraisal, employee motivation, leadership, equal employment opportunity, teamwork, and strategy formulation.This paper was presented at the Association of Management National Conference held in Atlanta, Georgia on August 5–9 1993.